Institute of Biomedical Engineering / en 福利姬自慰researcher explores novel biomaterials to improve the treatment of chronic diseases /news/u-t-researcher-explores-novel-biomaterials-improve-treatment-chronic-diseases <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">福利姬自慰researcher explores novel biomaterials to improve the treatment of chronic diseases</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-10/TF2_7229-crop.jpg?h=35cc9f34&amp;itok=Tz_AK2OE 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-10/TF2_7229-crop.jpg?h=35cc9f34&amp;itok=TXN1acTS 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-10/TF2_7229-crop.jpg?h=35cc9f34&amp;itok=lRqI-1kx 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-10/TF2_7229-crop.jpg?h=35cc9f34&amp;itok=Tz_AK2OE" alt="&quot;&quot;"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-10-03T11:08:08-04:00" title="Thursday, October 3, 2024 - 11:08" class="datetime">Thu, 10/03/2024 - 11:08</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>福利姬自慰researcher Caitlin Maikawa and her team are hoping to ease the burden on patients by developing more treatments for chronic diseases that can be self-administered in the home (photo by Tim Fraser)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/selah-katona" hreflang="en">Selah Katona</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/our-community" hreflang="en">Our Community</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">鈥淚t鈥檚 our goal to develop technologies, such as a pill, that make disease management easier and more effective so that it easily fits into patient鈥檚 lifestyles"</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A team of researchers at the University of Toronto is researching how to develop a pill to deliver treatment of chronic diseases that are currently managed by medications administered by injection.&nbsp;</p> <p>Led by&nbsp;<strong>Caitlin Maikawa</strong>, the team&nbsp;aims to increase the accessibility of treatment by removing the burden on patients who are required to visit their doctor鈥檚 office to receive medication.&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淭aking a pill is the patient-preferred method of administration since it gives them autonomy over their treatment and the ability to easily do it themselves at home,鈥 says Maikawa, an assistant professor at the Institute for Biomedical Engineering in the Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淲e hope our research will lead to new technologies that will improve the efficacy of current therapeutics and reduce the patient burden associated with managing chronic diseases.鈥濃&nbsp;</p> <p>Maikawa is one of two 福利姬自慰Engineering professors to receive funding from the latest round of the&nbsp;Canadian Foundation for Innovation <a href="https://www.innovation.ca/apply-manage-awards/funding-opportunities/john-r-evans-leaders-fund">John R. Evans Leaders Fund (CFI-JELF)</a>. The other recipient is&nbsp;<strong>Mohamad Moosavi</strong>,<b>&nbsp;</b>an assistant professor of chemical engineering and applied chemistry, whose research&nbsp;<a href="https://news.engineering.utoronto.ca/u-of-t-engineering-professor-using-ai-to-decarbonize-chemical-industries/">incorporates&nbsp;artificial intelligence to accelerate the discovery of new materials to combat climate change</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>The support will help&nbsp;Maikawa鈥檚 lab&nbsp;engineer dynamic polymer biomaterial systems to develop new drug delivery and bio-sensing technologies to treat chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and diabetes.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>Polymers are large molecules composed of repeating structural units that can be designed to interact with disease markers in the body to target therapeutics to disease sites, time the release of therapeutics or even release signalling molecules for disease monitoring.</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-drupal-media align-center"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/scale_image_750_width_/public/2024-10/TF2_7585-crop.jpg?itok=Jw7MnK_V" width="750" height="500" alt="&quot;&quot;" class="image-style-scale-image-750-width-"> </div> </div> <figcaption><em>(photo by Tim Fraser)</em></figcaption> </figure> <p>Maikawa鈥檚 research group focuses on the design and synthesis of dynamic polymer systems by using stimuli-responsive chemistries,&nbsp;also known as affinity-based interactions 鈥 a concept where certain molecules respond to external stimuli and interact selectively with a particular substance 鈥 and applying&nbsp;these polymer materials to address challenges in treating chronic disease.</p> <p>鈥淥ne way of thinking about dynamic polymer systems is that we have a kind of molecular Velcro where these molecular units stick together when we make the material,鈥 says Maikawa. 鈥淏ut in the presence of disease markers in the body, the Velcro pulls apart allowing the material to degrade or in some cases to release the drug.鈥&nbsp;</p> <p>Maikawa鈥檚&nbsp;lab aims to collaborate with clinicians to understand how to address impactful challenges with biomaterials. Since chronic diseases are often difficult to manage,&nbsp;her team is looking at the whole picture of chronic disease treatment and its&nbsp;efficacy.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淚t鈥檚 our goal to develop technologies, such as a pill, that make disease management easier and more effective so that it easily fits into patient鈥檚 lifestyles,鈥 she says.&nbsp;</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Thu, 03 Oct 2024 15:08:08 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 309707 at Researchers' lab technique could speed forensic analysis in sexual assault cases /news/researchers-lab-technique-could-speed-forensic-analysis-sexual-assault-cases <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Researchers' lab technique could speed forensic analysis in sexual assault cases</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-09/GettyImages-1527400281-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=wVWkABgY 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-09/GettyImages-1527400281-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=YKdciubc 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-09/GettyImages-1527400281-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=RRNjwBOj 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-09/GettyImages-1527400281-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=wVWkABgY" alt="scientist uses a pipette to measure out fluid in a lab"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-09-17T10:43:28-04:00" title="Tuesday, September 17, 2024 - 10:43" class="datetime">Tue, 09/17/2024 - 10:43</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>(photo by Science Photo Library/Getty Images)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/chris-sasaki" hreflang="en">Chris Sasaki</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/centre-research-and-applications-fluidic-technologies" hreflang="en">Centre for Research and Applications in Fluidic Technologies</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/donnelly-centre-cellular-biomolecular-research" hreflang="en">Donnelly Centre for Cellular &amp; Biomolecular Research</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/chemistry" hreflang="en">Chemistry</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-arts-science" hreflang="en">Faculty of Arts &amp; Science</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/u-t-mississauga" hreflang="en">福利姬自慰Mississauga</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A team of researchers has developed a new approach to analyzing DNA evidence in sexual assault cases 鈥 one that&nbsp;could reduce lengthy delays in the processing of evidence.</p> <p>While there are almost half a million sexual assaults in Canada every year, many more go unreported because victims are reluctant to come forward.</p> <p>One of the reasons cited by victims is that&nbsp;analysis of forensic evidence is too slow.</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-drupal-media align-left"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/scale_image_250_width_/public/2024-09/mohamed.jpg?itok=aYOW9k9P" width="250" height="375" alt="&quot;&quot;" class="image-style-scale-image-250-width-"> </div> </div> <figcaption><em>Mohamed Elsayed (supplied image)</em></figcaption> </figure> <p>鈥淔or this research, we read reports and surveys that asked victims why they weren鈥檛 reporting assaults,鈥 says the study鈥檚 lead author&nbsp;<strong>Mohamed Elsayed</strong>, who worked on the project as part of his PhD in biomedical engineering at the University of Toronto.&nbsp;鈥淎nd the most common answer was that they didn't have confidence in the justice system 鈥 and that lack of confidence was partly because of how long the process takes.鈥</p> <p>Elsayed, now a post-doctoral researcher in the&nbsp;department of chemistry&nbsp;in the Faculty of Arts &amp; Science, co-authored the study with, among others, <strong>Leticia Bodo</strong>, a master鈥檚 student in the department of chemistry, and&nbsp;<strong>Aaron Wheeler</strong>, a professor in the department of chemistry, the Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Centre for Research and Applications in Fluidic Technologies, a 福利姬自慰<a href="https://isi.utoronto.ca">institutional strategic initiative</a>.</p> <p>All three researchers are also affiliated with the Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research.&nbsp;</p> <p>Processing forensic evidence in sexual assault cases is a technical, multi-step process that involves collecting DNA evidence and sending it to a well-equipped forensic laboratory for analysis by a skilled technician. Once there, the sample is first processed to isolate the assailant鈥檚 DNA from the victim鈥檚 so the assailant鈥檚 DNA can then be analyzed and used to identify a suspect.</p> <p>The entire process can take days, weeks or longer. Most of that time is taken up with transporting the evidence to the lab, where its analysis can be further delayed depending on how many other cases are being investigated.</p> <p>To speed things up, researchers focused on the first step: separating two individuals鈥 DNA from a single sample. At present, this is usually done manually by trained and experienced experts.</p> <p>Elsayed and his collaborators, by contrast, developed a process called 鈥檇ifferential digestion鈥 using digital microfluidics that helped simplify the overall process and reduce the number of manual steps needed to isolate the assailant鈥檚 DNA from 13 to five. 鈥淎lso, because micro-fluidic processes tend to be faster, we expect that one of the eventual benefits will be shortening the overall time needed,鈥 says Elsayed.</p> <p>What鈥檚 more, the new approach could lead to a mobile solution that no longer requires a lab. For example, testing could be done at a hospital, circumventing the lab鈥檚 queue.</p> <p>The new technique, described in <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/advs.202405712">a paper published in the journal&nbsp;<em>Advanced Science</em></a>,&nbsp;is compatible with the technology known as Rapid DNA analysis that is already in use for the second step of identifying an individual from their DNA. The study鈥檚 authors, which included researchers from 福利姬自慰Mississauga鈥檚 forensic science program, say the&nbsp;long-term goal is to integrate the two technologies to make the process even more streamlined.</p> <p>While there remain several challenges to deploying the new technique, Elsayed says he is confident they can be overcome and has turned his efforts toward making it widely accessible and commercially viable.</p> <p>鈥淥ur plan is to develop an instrument that will do in five minutes what currently takes 45,鈥 says Elsayed. 鈥淎nd to run many more samples than previously. Once we do that, the next step would be to introduce the technology to forensic labs and hospitals.</p> <p>鈥淚t will take years, but the potential is very exciting.鈥</p> <p>The research was supported by the ANDE Corporation and&nbsp;NSERC Alliance Society.</p> <p>"I鈥檓 grateful to NSERC for having the foresight to establish the 鈥楢lliance Society鈥 program which has a mission to 鈥榓ddress a societal challenge that will result in new natural sciences and engineering knowledge and societal impact,鈥 Wheeler says.&nbsp;</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-add-new-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Add new story tags</div> <div class="field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/forensic-science" hreflang="en">Forensic Science</a></div> </div> </div> Tue, 17 Sep 2024 14:43:28 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 309451 at Researchers develop new method for delivering RNA and drugs into cells /news/researchers-develop-new-method-delivering-rna-and-drugs-cells <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Researchers develop new method for delivering RNA and drugs into cells</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-09/Shoichet-Slaughter-Advanced-Materials-2024-1155x770-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=auQcU1nm 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-09/Shoichet-Slaughter-Advanced-Materials-2024-1155x770-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=EsanzQ7A 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-09/Shoichet-Slaughter-Advanced-Materials-2024-1155x770-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=YVhRYZXI 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-09/Shoichet-Slaughter-Advanced-Materials-2024-1155x770-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=auQcU1nm" alt="&quot;&quot;"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-09-16T11:02:15-04:00" title="Monday, September 16, 2024 - 11:02" class="datetime">Mon, 09/16/2024 - 11:02</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>PhD candidate Kai Slaughter, left, and University Professor Molly Shoichet are exploring how ionizable drugs can be used to co-formulate small interfering RNA (siRNA) for more effective intracellular delivery (supplied images)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/qin-dai" hreflang="en">Qin Dai</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/princess-margaret-cancer-centre" hreflang="en">Princess Margaret Cancer Centre</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/temerty-faculty-medicine" hreflang="en">Temerty Faculty of Medicine</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/donnelly-centre-cellular-biomolecular-research" hreflang="en">Donnelly Centre for Cellular &amp; Biomolecular Research</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/university-health-network" hreflang="en">University Health Network</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">"This could be a game-changer for treating complex conditions where targeting multiple pathways is beneficial, such as cancer and viral infections"</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Researchers at the University of Toronto and its hospital partners have developed a method for co-delivering therapeutic RNA and potent drugs directly into cells, potentially leading to a more effective treatment of diseases.</p> <p>The research, <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adma.202403701" target="_blank">published recently in the journal <em>Advanced Materials</em></a>, explores how ionizable drugs can be used to co-formulate small interfering RNA (siRNA) for more effective intracellular delivery.</p> <p>The team 鈥&nbsp;including <strong>Molly Shoichet</strong>, the study鈥檚 corresponding author and a <a href="https://www.provost.utoronto.ca/awards-funding/university-professors/">University Professor</a>&nbsp;in U of T鈥檚 department of chemical engineering and applied chemistry in the Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering 鈥 specifically targeted drug-resistant cells with the delivery of a relevant siRNA.&nbsp;The siRNA&nbsp;was&nbsp;discovered study co-author and collaborator&nbsp;<strong>David Cescon</strong>, a clinician scientist at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, and an associate professor in U of T鈥檚 Temerty Faculty of Medicine.</p> <p>鈥淲e found that our co-formulation method not only potently delivered siRNA to cells but also simultaneously delivered active ionizable drugs,鈥 said research lead author&nbsp;<strong>Kai Slaughter</strong>, a PhD candidate in Shoichet鈥檚 lab.</p> <p>鈥淭his could be a game-changer for treating complex conditions where targeting multiple pathways is beneficial, such as cancer and viral infections.鈥</p> <p>siRNA is a powerful tool in medicine, capable of silencing specific genes responsible for disease, but delivering these molecules into cells without degradation remains a significant challenge. While recent innovations in ionizable lipid design have led to efficiency improvements, traditional nanoparticle formulations are limited in the amount of small molecule drugs they can carry.</p> <p>When therapeutic formulations are absorbed by cells, small molecule drugs and siRNA are often trapped in small compartments called endosomes, preventing them from reaching their target destination and reducing their effectiveness.</p> <p>The research team discovered that combining siRNA with ionizable drugs 鈥 compounds that change their charge based on pH levels 鈥 enhances the stability and delivery efficiency of siRNA inside cells, helping both the siRNA and drug escape the endosome and more effectively reach their destination. This novel method utilizes the protective properties of lipids to safeguard siRNA during its journey through the body and ensure the release of RNA and the drug together within the target cells.</p> <p>鈥淥ne of the biggest hurdles in siRNA therapy has been getting these molecules to where they need to go without losing their potency,鈥 Shoichet says.</p> <p>鈥淥ur approach using ionizable drugs as carriers marks a significant step forward in overcoming this barrier, while also showing how drugs and RNA can be delivered together in the same nanoparticle formulation.鈥</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Mon, 16 Sep 2024 15:02:15 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 309438 at Research team explores next-gen vaccines to guard against sexually transmitted infections /news/research-team-explores-next-gen-vaccines-guard-against-sexually-transmitted-infections <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Research team explores next-gen vaccines to guard against sexually transmitted infections</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-09/TF1_6827-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=PCyXIQ3D 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-09/TF1_6827-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=U6ZBeMOG 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-09/TF1_6827-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=PLDMesg4 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-09/TF1_6827-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=PCyXIQ3D" alt="&quot;&quot;"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-09-04T12:07:53-04:00" title="Wednesday, September 4, 2024 - 12:07" class="datetime">Wed, 09/04/2024 - 12:07</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>Aereas Aung, an assistant professor in the Institute of Biomedical Engineering 鈥嬧嬧嬧嬧嬧, is developing new tools to study and manipulate immune cells and their reaction to vaccines (photo by Tim Fraser)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/qin-dai" hreflang="en">Qin Dai</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/connaught-fund" hreflang="en">Connaught Fund</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/vaccines" hreflang="en">Vaccines</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">"This work could lay the foundation for more effective vaccines that curb the spread of STIs, particularly in marginalized communities disproportionately affected by these diseases鈥&nbsp;</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>A research team from the University of Toronto is creating a new generation of vaccines that aims to overcome key hurdles faced by some existing formulations.&nbsp;</p> <p>For example, a common shortcoming of many traditional vaccines is that they can鈥檛 produce antibodies in tissues where sexually transmitted infections (STIs) often enter the body.&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淢ost current vaccines fail to produce sufficient antibodies within mucosal tissues, leaving a significant gap in our defense against sexually transmitted infections,鈥 says <strong>Aereas Aung</strong>, an assistant professor&nbsp;at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering in the Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering who is leading the research effort.</p> <p>鈥淥ur goal is to develop a novel strategy that leverages the strengths of parenteral vaccination while also targeting the mucosal immune system.鈥&nbsp;</p> <p>Normally vaccines are injected parenterally, meaning it is injected into or under the skin, into the muscle or directly into the bloodstream. The vaccine then travels to lymph nodes, which are small glands that help produce antibodies. Mucosal tissues in the cervix and rectum present a unique challenge since the mucus in these areas can break down the vaccine quickly and wash it away, making it difficult to reach the lymph nodes and be effective.&nbsp;</p> <p>Aung鈥檚 research proposes fusing a protein carrier to the disease antigens, allowing it to reach distant mucosal lymph nodes after injection.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淲e aim to incorporate potent immunostimulatory components into our antigen construct, optimizing its distribution and enhancing mucosal antibody responses,鈥 says Aung.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淚f successful, this work could lay the foundation for more effective vaccines that curb the spread of STIs, particularly in marginalized communities disproportionately affected by these diseases.鈥&nbsp;</p> <p>Aung鈥檚&nbsp;project is one of <a href="/celebrates/51-faculty-members-receive-connaught-new-researcher-awards">51 福利姬自慰faculty members whose work is being supported by the Connaught New Researcher Awards</a> in the most recent round 鈥 and one of eight at 福利姬自慰Engineering. The award helps early-career faculty members establish their research programs.&nbsp;</p> <p>The other 福利姬自慰Engineering researchers whose projects are supported by the award are:鈥&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li><strong>Mohammed鈥疊asheer</strong>, department of civil and mineral engineering&nbsp;鈥&nbsp;Integrated hydrological-statistical method and tool for landslide susceptibility mapping in a changing climate&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Daniel Franklin</strong>, Institute of Biomedical Engineering&nbsp;鈥 Development of equitable pulse oximeters&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Sarah Haines</strong>, department of civil and mineral engineering&nbsp;鈥 Open Plenums &amp; Indoor Environments (OPEN): Evaluating the impact of return air systems on indoor environmental quality&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Mark Jeffrey</strong>, Edward S. Rogers Sr. department of electrical and computer engineering&nbsp;鈥 Productively surmounting the memory wall with task parallelism&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Caitlin Maikawa</strong>, Institute of Biomedical Engineering 鈥&nbsp;Affinity-directed dynamic polymer materials for biomarker sensing&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Mohamad Moosavi</strong>, department of chemical engineering and applied chemistry 鈥&nbsp;Learning the Language of Metal-Organic Frameworks Topology &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li><strong>Cindy Rottmann,&nbsp;</strong><meta charset="UTF-8">Institute for Studies in Transdisciplinary Engineering Education and Practice (ISTEP)&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥&nbsp;But I could be fired! How early career engineers hold the public paramount from organizationally subordinate locations&nbsp;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Wed, 04 Sep 2024 16:07:53 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 309224 at 福利姬自慰researchers integrate crucial immune cells onto heart-on-a-chip platform /news/u-t-researchers-integrate-crucial-immune-cells-heart-chip-platform <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">福利姬自慰researchers integrate crucial immune cells onto heart-on-a-chip platform</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-08/heart-on-a-chip-group.jpg?h=d295d48f&amp;itok=vZ_Hbw6N 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-08/heart-on-a-chip-group.jpg?h=d295d48f&amp;itok=x6SIHfgQ 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-08/heart-on-a-chip-group.jpg?h=d295d48f&amp;itok=wvJ2WogZ 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-08/heart-on-a-chip-group.jpg?h=d295d48f&amp;itok=vZ_Hbw6N" alt="&quot;&quot;"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-08-23T08:56:51-04:00" title="Friday, August 23, 2024 - 08:56" class="datetime">Fri, 08/23/2024 - 08:56</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>L-R: 福利姬自慰post-doctoral fellow Shira Landau, PhD alum Yimu Zhao and Professor Milica Radisic are three of the primary authors of a study that could lead to advancements in the creation of more stable and functional heart tissues (supplied images)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/qin-dai" hreflang="en">Qin Dai</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/toronto-general-hospital" hreflang="en">Toronto General Hospital</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/donnelly-centre-cellular-biomolecular-research" hreflang="en">Donnelly Centre for Cellular &amp; Biomolecular Research</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/university-health-network" hreflang="en">University Health Network</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">The immune cells, known as primitive macrophages, were found to enhance heart tissue function and vessel stability<br> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Researchers at the University of Toronto have discovered a novel method for incorporating primitive macrophages 鈥 crucial immune cells 鈥 into heart-on-a-chip technology, in a potentially transformative step forward in drug testing and heart disease modeling.</p> <p>In a study&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/fulltext/S1934-5909(24)00208-X?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS193459092400208X%3Fshowall%3Dtrue#secsectitle0020">published in <em>Cell Stem Cell</em></a>, an interdisciplinary team of scientists describe how they integrated the macrophages 鈥 which were derived from human stem cells and resemble those found in the early stages of heart development 鈥 onto the platforms.&nbsp;These macrophages are known to have remarkable abilities in promoting vascularization and enhancing tissue stability.</p> <p>Corresponding author <strong>Milica Radisic</strong>, a senior scientist in the University Health Network's Toronto General Hospital Research Institute and professor in the Institute of Biomedical Engineering at U of T鈥檚 Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering, says the approach promises to enhance the functionality and stability of engineered heart tissues.</p> <p>鈥淲e demonstrated here that stable vascularization of a heart tissue in vitro requires contributions from immune cells, specifically macrophages. We followed a biomimetic approach, re-establishing the key constituents of a cardiac niche,鈥 says Radisic, who holds a Canada Research Chair in Functional Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering</p> <p>鈥淏y combining cardiomyocytes, stromal cells, endothelial cells and macrophages, we enabled appropriate cell-to-cell crosstalk such as in the native heart muscle.鈥</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-drupal-media"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/scale_image_550_width_/public/2024-08/85432scr_c9eecd836bb8daa.jpg?itok=7cIgKMpm" width="550" height="367" alt="Milica Radisic lab" class="image-style-scale-image-550-width-"> </div> </div> <figcaption><em>Professor Milica Radisic's research team have worked on developing a miniaturized version of cardiac tissue on heart-on-a-chip platforms for a decade (photo by Nick Iwanyshyn)</em></figcaption> </figure> <p>A major challenge in creating bioengineered heart tissue is achieving a stable and functional network of blood vessels. Traditional methods have struggled to maintain these vascular networks over extended periods, limiting their effectiveness for long-term studies and applications.</p> <p>In their study, researchers demonstrated that the primitive macrophages could create stable, perfusable microvascular networks within the cardiac tissue, a feat that had previously been difficult to achieve.</p> <p>Furthermore, the macrophages helped reduce tissue damage by mitigating cytotoxic effects, thereby improving the overall health and functionality of the engineered tissues.</p> <p>鈥淭he inclusion of primitive macrophages significantly improved the function of cardiac tissues, making them more stable and effective for longer periods,鈥 says&nbsp;<strong>Shira Landau</strong>, a post-doctoral fellow in Radisic鈥檚 lab and one of the study鈥檚 lead authors.</p> <p>The breakthrough has far-reaching implications for the field of cardiac research. By enabling the creation of more stable and functional heart tissues, researchers can better study heart diseases and test new drugs in a controlled environment.</p> <p>Researchers say this technology could lead to more accurate disease models and more effective treatments for heart conditions.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Fri, 23 Aug 2024 12:56:51 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 309001 at Heart-on-a-chip model used to glean insights into COVID-19-induced heart inflammation /news/heart-chip-model-used-glean-insights-covid-19-induced-heart-inflammation <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Heart-on-a-chip model used to glean insights into COVID-19-induced heart inflammation</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-04/UofT88202_085A2553-crop.jpg?h=f8f43332&amp;itok=A3PeF_fh 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-04/UofT88202_085A2553-crop.jpg?h=f8f43332&amp;itok=o10tRJKs 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-04/UofT88202_085A2553-crop.jpg?h=f8f43332&amp;itok=qixWlgS0 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-04/UofT88202_085A2553-crop.jpg?h=f8f43332&amp;itok=A3PeF_fh" alt="Person working under a fume hood at U of Ts Toronto High Containment Facility"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-04-08T15:06:23-04:00" title="Monday, April 8, 2024 - 15:06" class="datetime">Mon, 04/08/2024 - 15:06</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>Researchers worked in the&nbsp;Toronto High Containment Facility at U of T&nbsp;to examine the effects of COVID-19 on heart inflammation (photo by Lisa Lightbourn)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/betty-zou" hreflang="en">Betty Zou</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/temerty-faculty-medicine" hreflang="en">Temerty Faculty of Medicine</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/unity-health" hreflang="en">Unity Health</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/alumni" hreflang="en">Alumni</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/leslie-dan-faculty-pharmacy" hreflang="en">Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/university-health-network" hreflang="en">University Health Network</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">Researcher dedicates study to her late grandmother, who died from COVID-19-induced heart failure</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Researchers at the University of Toronto and its partner hospitals have created a unique heart-on-a-chip model that is helping untangle the causes of COVID-19-induced heart inflammation and uncover strategies to reduce its impact.</p> <p>While COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory infection, clinicians and researchers are increasingly aware of the virus鈥檚 effects on other organs 鈥&nbsp;including the heart. Data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shows patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 2020 and January 2021 had 15 times higher risk for developing myocarditis, or inflammation of the heart muscle, compared to patients without COVID-19.</p> <p>But the biology behind the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and heart inflammation&nbsp;had remained unclear 鈥 in part&nbsp;because there have not been good models with which to study infection-related heart inflammation.</p> <p>鈥淐onventionally, people grow heart cells in a 2D setting and then expose it to SARS-CoV-2 to see how the virus damages the heart. But that鈥檚 not actually what happens in our body,鈥 says&nbsp;<strong>Rick Lu</strong>, a PhD graduate from U of T鈥檚&nbsp;Institute for Biomedical Engineering who is currently a postdoctoral researcher at U of T鈥檚&nbsp;Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy.&nbsp;</p> <p>Lu is the first author of a new&nbsp;study <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adk0164">published in&nbsp;<em>Science Advances</em></a>&nbsp;that describes a miniature 3D heart-on-a-chip model that more accurately captures the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated immune response on cardiac dysfunction.</p> <p>The first-of-its-kind model builds on previous work led by&nbsp;<strong>Milica Radisic</strong>, Lu鈥檚 PhD adviser, a senior scientist at&nbsp;University Health Network&nbsp;and a 福利姬自慰professor of biomedical engineering. The approach uses a lab-made network of blood vessels surrounded by heart tissues grown from stem cells to mimic a real human heart with its tangle of vessels going in and out.&nbsp;</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-drupal-media align-center"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/scale_image_750_width_/public/2024-04/Milica-Science-Advances-paper_banner.png?itok=WbRG6ccJ" width="750" height="422" alt="&quot;&quot;" class="image-style-scale-image-750-width-"> </div> </div> <figcaption><em>From left to right: Researchers Milica Radisic, Rick Lu and Claudia dos Santos (supplied images)</em></figcaption> </figure> <p>To examine the effects of COVID-19 on heart inflammation, Lu and his colleagues first had to adapt their model to work in the&nbsp;<a href="https://epic.utoronto.ca/high-containment-laboratory-c-cl3/">Toronto High Containment Facility</a>, a specialized lab that allows researchers to study high-risk pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 in a safe and secure way.&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淭his work would simply not be possible without the Toronto High Containment Facility,鈥 says Radisic, who holds the Canada Research Chair in Organ-on-a-Chip Engineering.</p> <p>In the high containment lab, the researchers added live virus and immune cells to the blood vessels and allowed them to flow through their mini hearts-on-a-chip, replicating the immune response that happens after a SARS-CoV-2 infection. They found that the combination of SARS-CoV-2 and immune cells reduced the heart鈥檚 ability to contract and pump. To understand why, the researchers turned to mitochondria, the tiny energy storehouses that power the muscle鈥檚 beating movements. They showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection led to loss of mitochondria and a release of mitochondrial DNA from the heart cells into the nutrient broth used to grow the organoids.</p> <p>Working with&nbsp;<strong>Claudia dos Santos</strong>, a scientist and critical care doctor at&nbsp;Unity Health Toronto, associate professor of&nbsp;medicine&nbsp;and Pitts Research Chair in Acute Care and Emergency Medicine at U of T鈥檚 Temerty Faculty of Medicine, the researchers then asked whether the presence of freely circulating mitochondrial DNA is also seen in patients experiencing COVID-19-induced heart complications.</p> <p>They analyzed blood samples from patients with and without COVID-19 and found nearly two-and-a-half times higher levels of mitochondrial DNA in patients who were COVID-19-positive. Their findings point to mitochondrial DNA levels as a powerful predictor of a person鈥檚 risk of experiencing cardiac problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p> <p>The team also showed that a new type of cell-based therapy called exosomes 鈥 little cargo vessels that bubble off cells 鈥 could reduce inflammation and mitochondria loss, as well as improve heart function, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting their potential to repair COVID-19-associated heart damage.</p> <p>By integrating blood vessels and immune cells, Lu hopes that the innovative heart-on-a-chip model can help researchers and clinicians understand and identify treatment strategies for other infection-related heart conditions.&nbsp;</p> <p>鈥淭he good thing about our system is that it鈥檚 readily adaptable to any kind of infectious disease,鈥 says Lu. 鈥淭he other benefit is that we don鈥檛 have to rely as much on animal models. Since we鈥檙e already using human-derived cells, the clinical translatability is much higher.鈥</p> <p>As a next step, Radisic鈥檚 group plans to use the miniature organs to uncover why males are more likely than females to experience COVID-19-associated heart complications and to examine the cardiac issues commonly seen in people with long COVID-19.</p> <p>Radisic says the motivation for this work was deeply personal. She dedicated the study to her late grandmother who died from COVID-19-induced heart failure after six weeks in the intensive care unit.</p> <p>鈥淭he feeling of helplessness is rather profound when a loved one is dying,鈥 she says. 鈥淎s scientists, we can take small steps toward new cures so that other people do not meet the same fate. For me, this work meant overcoming the feeling of helplessness.鈥</p> <p>The work was supported by investments from the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the creation of the&nbsp;福利姬自慰COVID-19 biobank&nbsp;and the Precision Medicine in Critical Care (PREDICT) Biobank at Unity Health Toronto 鈥 and by the contributions of patients and families that donated biological samples, making significant advances in research possible.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Mon, 08 Apr 2024 19:06:23 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 307166 at 福利姬自慰researchers develop rapid MRI technique for better cancer detection and therapy /news/u-t-researchers-develop-rapid-mri-technique-better-cancer-detection-and-therapy <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">福利姬自慰researchers develop rapid MRI technique for better cancer detection and therapy</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-02/GettyImages-1297207105-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=g4NOkbzw 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-02/GettyImages-1297207105-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=gkhndD6J 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-02/GettyImages-1297207105-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=H8WGHQuL 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-02/GettyImages-1297207105-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=g4NOkbzw" alt="MRI technicians observe an MRI scan"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-02-23T14:30:43-05:00" title="Friday, February 23, 2024 - 14:30" class="datetime">Fri, 02/23/2024 - 14:30</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>(photo by Willie B. Thomas/Getty Images)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/matthew-tierney" hreflang="en">Matthew Tierney</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/cancer" hreflang="en">Cancer</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/electrical-computer-engineering" hreflang="en">Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">鈥淲e create images every second, and sometimes less, and those images are not going to suffer from low resolution鈥</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Researchers at the University of Toronto鈥檚 Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering have developed a rapid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)&nbsp;technique to help doctors better detect and diagnose tumours.</p> <p>The new approach 鈥 by&nbsp;<strong>Hai-Ling Cheng</strong>, a professor in the Institute of Biomedical Engineering and the Edward S. Rogers Sr. department of electrical and computer engineering,&nbsp;and PhD candidate&nbsp;<strong>Alex Mertens</strong>&nbsp;鈥 could provide physicians with guidance during surgery and other therapeutic interventions.</p> <p>Based on novel analysis of raw patient data collected from imaging sessions with standard MRI equipment, the algorithm Cheng and Mertens developed reduces the duration between each image acquisition from more than 20 seconds to one second without sacrificing image sharpness.</p> <p>鈥淧eople in the field have been trying to get high spatial resolution concurrently with temporal resolution for the past 25 years,鈥 says Cheng.</p> <p>Cheng and Mertens,&nbsp;with the help of the 福利姬自慰<a href="https://research.utoronto.ca/partnerships/partnerships">Innovations and Partnerships Office</a>, have applied for a patent and are partnering with companies to bring their MRI technique to market.</p> <p>鈥淚n practice, doctors always follow up imaging results with a biopsy for definitive confirmation to more accurately determine the grade of cancer and its stage,鈥 Cheng says.</p> <p>鈥淥ur technique is not meant to displace the biopsy. But by better characterizing the underlying pathology at the vascular and cellular level, we can mitigate randomness in the sampling when the doctor goes in with a biopsy needle.鈥</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-drupal-media align-center"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/scale_image_750_width_/public/2024-02/Cheng-1-highres-crop_0.jpg?itok=0-TqKNtK" width="750" height="500" alt="&quot;&quot;" class="image-style-scale-image-750-width-"> </div> </div> <figcaption><em>Professor Hai-Ling Cheng, pictured, and ECE PhD candidate Alex Mertens have developed a novel method to analyze data acquired from magnetic resonance imaging (photo by Matthew Tierney)</em></figcaption> </figure> <p>MRI is used to scan soft tissues like muscle or fat because it offers the best contrast compared to other modalities such as X-rays and ultrasounds. The contrast allows doctors to discern different cell types and identify small cancerous growths.</p> <p>鈥淟et鈥檚 say you鈥檝e got a liver and a kidney, and you want to image them both in the same area of the body,鈥 says Cheng. 鈥淚f you were to take an X-ray, you would get one contrast level 鈥 one grey scale specific to the liver and one grey scale specific to the kidney.鈥</p> <p>With MRI technology, however, there鈥檚 different physics at play that allows for refined gradients. An MRI scanner produces a strongly magnetized field inside the patient鈥檚 body into which it pulses a radio frequency, or RF, wave. The wave affects the water protons in soft tissues, which react to the pulse and emit signature return signals.</p> <p>鈥淭he data from the return signal doesn鈥檛 tell you the shape of an object but the frequency content of the object,鈥 says Cheng. 鈥淲e structure that return RF signal into a matrix, which we can then convert into a high resolution image.鈥</p> <p>Researchers can change the magnetic strength and the frequency of the pulse to obtain different contrasts, much like a music producer can increase and decrease the volume of individual tracks in a song.</p> <p>To enhance the RF signal further, a contrast agent is intravenously injected into the patient beforehand: usually gadolinium, which is non-radioactive. The dynamics of the gadolinium distribution 鈥 that is, the speed of its uptake and washout in cells 鈥 give doctors additional information about the malignancy of the tumour.</p> <p>鈥淭umours not only have a larger blood volume, but because their blood vessels are very messed up and tortuous, they also tend to be very, very leaky,鈥 says Cheng.</p> <p>However, the MRI procedure is notoriously slow. The scanner must repeatedly acquire frequency domain data at different coarse and fine-grain resolutions. Typical temporal resolution is 20 seconds and gadolinium washout in a tumour can take as little as 10 seconds.</p> <p>鈥淭ypically, it takes 256 acquisition lines to create one image,鈥 says Cheng. 鈥淩ather than reconstructing a full image every 20 seconds or every minute 鈥 that鈥檚 kind of pointless, because you鈥檙e missing the dynamics 鈥 our algorithm extrapolates information based on successive sampling of just one acquisition line.</p> <p>鈥淲e create images every second, and sometimes less, and those images are not going to suffer from low resolution.鈥</p> <p>鈥淭he work that Hai-Ling and her team are doing is a testament to how electrical and computer engineering technologies can impact the health-care sector,鈥 says Professor <strong>Deepa Kundur</strong>, chair of the electrical and computer engineering department in the Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering. 鈥淗ai-Ling and Alex have spent years building on their knowledge of MRI physics and human biology, demonstrating how interdisciplinary perspectives in engineering save lives. Well done.鈥</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Fri, 23 Feb 2024 19:30:43 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 306269 at 福利姬自慰researchers' AI model designs proteins to deliver gene therapy /news/u-t-researchers-ai-model-designs-proteins-deliver-gene-therapy <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">福利姬自慰researchers' AI model designs proteins to deliver gene therapy</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-01/Garton-and-Suyue-1-2048x1366-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=BjzSsw6N 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-01/Garton-and-Suyue-1-2048x1366-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=inEYf_AL 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-01/Garton-and-Suyue-1-2048x1366-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=g2c0vwrS 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-01/Garton-and-Suyue-1-2048x1366-crop.jpg?h=81d682ee&amp;itok=BjzSsw6N" alt="&quot;&quot;"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-01-29T13:44:19-05:00" title="Monday, January 29, 2024 - 13:44" class="datetime">Mon, 01/29/2024 - 13:44</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>Michael Garton, left, an associate professor of biomedical engineering, and PhD candidate Suyue Lyu, right,&nbsp;used AI to custom-design variants of hexons that are distinct from natural sequences to help evade the immune system&nbsp;(photo by Qin Dai)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/qin-dai" hreflang="en">Qin Dai</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/artificial-intelligence" hreflang="en">Artificial Intelligence</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/gene-therapy" hreflang="en">Gene Therapy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/graduate-students" hreflang="en">Graduate Students</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">Dubbed ProteinVAE, the model can be trained to learn the characteristics of a long protein using limited data</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Researchers at the University of Toronto used an artificial intelligence framework to redesign a crucial protein involved in the delivery of gene therapy.</p> <p>The study, <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-023-00787-2">published in&nbsp;<em>Nature Machine Intelligence</em></a>,&nbsp;describes new work optimizing proteins to mitigate immune responses, thereby improving the efficacy of gene therapy and reducing side effects.</p> <p>鈥淕ene therapy holds immense promise, but the body鈥檚 pre-existing immune response to viral vectors greatly hampers its success. Our research zeroes in on hexons, a fundamental protein in adenovirus vectors, which 鈥 but for the immune problem 鈥 hold huge potential for gene therapy,鈥 says&nbsp;<strong>Michael Garton</strong>, an assistant professor at the Institute of Biomedical Engineering in the Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering.</p> <p>鈥淚mmune responses triggered by serotype-specific antibodies pose a significant obstacle in getting these vehicles to the right target; this can result in reduced efficacy and severe adverse effects.鈥</p> <p>To address the issue, Garton鈥檚 lab used AI to custom-design variants of hexons that are distinct from natural sequences.</p> <p>鈥淲e want to design something that is distant from all human variants and is, by extension, unrecognizable by the immune system,鈥 says PhD candidate&nbsp;<strong>Suyue Lyu</strong>, who is lead author of the study.</p> <p>Traditional methods of designing new protein often involve extensive trial and error as well as mounting costs. By using an AI-based approach for protein design, researchers can achieve a higher degree of variation, reduce costs and quickly generate simulation scenarios before homing in on a specific subset of targets for experimental testing.</p> <p>While numerous protein-designing frameworks exist, it can be challenging for researchers to properly design new variants because of the lack of natural sequences available and hexons鈥&nbsp;relatively large size&nbsp;鈥 consisting, on average, of 983 amino acids.</p> <p>With this in mind, Lyu and Garton developed a different AI framework. Dubbed ProteinVAE, the model can be trained to learn the characteristics of a long protein using limited data. Despite its compact design, ProteinVAE exhibits a generative capability comparable to larger available models.</p> <p>鈥淥ur model takes advantage of pre-trained protein language models for efficient learning on small datasets. We also incorporated many tailored engineering approaches to make the model suitable for generating long proteins,鈥 says Lyu, adding that&nbsp;ProteinVAE was intentionally designed to be lightweight. 鈥淯nlike other, considerably larger models that demand high computational resources to design a long protein, ProteinVAE supports fast training and inference on any standard GPUs. This feature could make the model more friendly for other academic labs.</p> <p>鈥淥ur AI model, validated through molecular simulation, demonstrates the ability to change a significant percentage of the protein鈥檚 surface, potentially evading immune responses.鈥</p> <p>The next step is experimental testing in a wet lab, Lyu adds.</p> <p>Garton believes the AI-model can be utilized beyond gene therapy protein design and could likely be expanded to support protein design in other disease cases as well.</p> <p>鈥淭his work indicates that we&nbsp;are potentially able to design new subspecies and even species of biological entities using generative AI,鈥 he says,&nbsp;鈥渁nd these entities have therapeutic value that can be used in novel medical treatments.鈥</p> <p>The research was supported by the Canadian Institute of Health Research and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Mon, 29 Jan 2024 18:44:19 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 305731 at With heart-on-a-chip, researchers study genetic mutation underlying cardiac muscle disease /news/heart-chip-researchers-study-genetic-mutation-underlying-cardiac-muscle-disease <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">With heart-on-a-chip, researchers study genetic mutation underlying cardiac muscle disease </span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-01/Headshots-of-Radisic-and-Wauchop-crop.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=9AvdYtm0 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-01/Headshots-of-Radisic-and-Wauchop-crop.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=5S8RSfhK 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-01/Headshots-of-Radisic-and-Wauchop-crop.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=ictVJuz4 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-01/Headshots-of-Radisic-and-Wauchop-crop.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=9AvdYtm0" alt="&quot;&quot;"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-01-09T11:44:17-05:00" title="Tuesday, January 9, 2024 - 11:44" class="datetime">Tue, 01/09/2024 - 11:44</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>Professor Milica Radisic and 福利姬自慰alumna Marianne Wauchop developed&nbsp;a heart-on-a-chip device to study the effects of a genetic mutation that causes dilated cardiomyopathy (supplied images)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/anika-hazra" hreflang="en">Anika Hazra</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/breaking-research" hreflang="en">Breaking Research</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/temerty-faculty-medicine" hreflang="en">Temerty Faculty of Medicine</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/donnelly-centre-cellular-biomolecular-research" hreflang="en">Donnelly Centre for Cellular &amp; Biomolecular Research</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/research-innovation" hreflang="en">Research &amp; Innovation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/university-health-network" hreflang="en">University Health Network</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">Device was used to observe the effects of a sodium channel mutation that disrupts regular electrical activity in the heart</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Researchers at the University of Toronto and its partner hospitals have led the development of a heart-on-a-chip device to study the effects of a genetic mutation that causes dilated cardiomyopathy, a heart muscle disease that impairs blood flow throughout the body.</p> <p>While it鈥檚 been difficult to study cardiac muscle cells due to incomplete tissue maturation in the lab, the U of T-led team was able to use the device to mature stem cells into adult cardiac tissue to observe the effects of a sodium channel mutation that disrupts regular electrical activity in the heart.</p> <p>鈥淭hanks to our heart-on-a-chip, we were able to overcome the challenges associated with the developmental regulation of the sodium channel mutation,鈥 said&nbsp;<strong>Marianne Wauchop</strong>, first author of the study and former PhD student in the&nbsp;department of physiology&nbsp;in the&nbsp;Temerty Faculty of Medicine&nbsp;and the&nbsp;department of chemical engineering and applied chemistry&nbsp;in the&nbsp;Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering.</p> <p>鈥淯sing the same device, we were also able to determine the effects of the mutation on cardiac function.鈥</p> <p>The journal&nbsp;<em>Biomaterials</em>&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142961223002636?via%3Dihub">recently published the findings</a>.</p> <p>The results could help advance personalized treatment for heart diseases such as dilated cardiomyopathy,&nbsp;a heart condition in which the chambers of the heart lose their ability to contract, through a mutation-targeted approach 鈥 even in cases where the mutation is not often linked to the disease or associated symptoms. If left untreated, the condition can result in arrhythmia 鈥 and eventually heart failure.</p> <p>鈥淐urrently, patients with dilated cardiomyopathy caused by sodium channel mutations are treated for heart failure, such as with beta blockers and diuretics,鈥 said&nbsp;<strong>Milica Radisic</strong>, a co-principal investigator on the study and professor at U of T鈥檚&nbsp;Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research&nbsp;and&nbsp;Institute of Biomedical Engineering. 鈥淩esponses to these treatment methods are varied because they don鈥檛 target the specific mutations responsible for dilated cardiomyopathy.鈥</p> <p>The researchers found the mutation disrupts interactions between sodium channels and structural proteins that are critical for cardiac muscle cells, leading to tissue dilation and impaired contractile performance.</p> <p>The cells that carry the mutation were provided for the study by a patient of&nbsp;<strong>Kumaraswamy Nanthakumar</strong>, senior scientist in the Toronto General Hospital Research Institute at University Health Network and professor at U of T鈥檚&nbsp;Institute of Medical Science in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine.</p> <p>The patient went into cardiac arrest while giving birth and has a family history of arrythmia, an irregular heartbeat. Nanthakumar sequenced the patient鈥檚 genome to identify the particular sodium channel mutation.</p> <p>鈥淲e were faced with the challenge of culturing stem cells that express the mutation in question, as this only occurs following maturation of the cells,鈥 says Wauchop. 鈥淭o address this issue, we developed a heart-on-a-chip device, also called a biowire, to mature the heart tissues cultured from stem cells.鈥</p> <p>The research team created biowires with either tissues taken directly from Nanthakumar鈥檚 patient or tissues in which the mutation was corrected with CRISPR, a gene-editing tool.</p> <p>While it typically takes a few years for patients to start experiencing symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy after heart cells carrying the sodium channel mutation mature to their adult form, the biowires allowed the team to study the impacts of the mutation on cardiac tissue after only eight weeks.</p> <p>Throughout this period, the researchers stimulated maturation of the stem cells through electrical current.</p> <p>Dilated cardiomyopathy and other heart diseases can be caused by more than one type of mutation, Wauchop notes. But, she adds, 鈥淲e can give patients a fighting chance by first making the connection between the mutation and the disease, and then developing targeted treatments for that specific mutation.鈥</p> <p>This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre Innovation Committee and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Tue, 09 Jan 2024 16:44:17 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 305161 at 福利姬自慰course on brain-machine interfaces introduces undergrads to next-gen health care /news/u-t-course-brain-machine-interfaces-introduces-undergrads-next-gen-health-care <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">福利姬自慰course on brain-machine interfaces introduces undergrads to next-gen health care</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-01/Neurolab_inset-crop.jpg?h=b1099e65&amp;itok=u8kJ1p2o 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2024-01/Neurolab_inset-crop.jpg?h=b1099e65&amp;itok=hen9P3gU 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2024-01/Neurolab_inset-crop.jpg?h=b1099e65&amp;itok=qXB3Ecao 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2024-01/Neurolab_inset-crop.jpg?h=b1099e65&amp;itok=u8kJ1p2o" alt="&quot;&quot;"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2024-01-05T10:18:55-05:00" title="Friday, January 5, 2024 - 10:18" class="datetime">Fri, 01/05/2024 - 10:18</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item"><p><em>Assistant Professor Xilin Liu, standing, guides students Mona Murphy, left, and Nishant Kumar, right, as they analyze Kumar鈥檚 EEG (photo by Matthew Tierney)</em></p> </div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/matthew-tierney" hreflang="en">Matthew Tierney</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/our-community" hreflang="en">Our Community</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/institute-biomedical-engineering" hreflang="en">Institute of Biomedical Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/temerty-faculty-medicine" hreflang="en">Temerty Faculty of Medicine</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/electrical-computer-engineering" hreflang="en">Electrical &amp; Computer Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-applied-science-engineering" hreflang="en">Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/undergraduate-students" hreflang="en">Undergraduate Students</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/university-health-network" hreflang="en">University Health Network</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-subheadline field--type-string-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Subheadline</div> <div class="field__item">鈥淵ou start to look at the brain differently, the mechanisms of its disorders, what clinicians and neuroengineers are doing to treat them鈥</div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Undergraduate students taking a new University of Toronto course have to use their brains in more ways than one.</p> <p>Called&nbsp;Interfacing and Modulating the Nervous System (ECE441), the course in the Edward S. Rogers Sr. department of electrical engineering and computer engineering in the Faculty of Applied Science &amp; Engineering introduces fourth-year students to neuromodulation, a multidisciplinary area that draws on knowledge about signal processing, control theory, electronics and machine learning.</p> <p>Devices employing neuromodulation deliver therapeutic stimulation to targeted areas of the brain and are used to treat a range of conditions, including chronic pain, neurological disorders such as Parkinson鈥檚 disease and epilepsy, depression, spinal cord injuries and hearing or vision loss.</p> <p>During one recent lab session, students&nbsp;<strong>Jannis Gabler</strong>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<strong>Aurora Nowicki</strong>&nbsp;said they were amazed by what they could learn after they hooked up a team member.</p> <p>鈥淲e were measuring electrical activity in his visual cortex,鈥 Gabler says. 鈥淛ust by extracting data from his signature, we could tell whether his eyes were closed or not.鈥</p> <p>The course was developed through the combined efforts of faculty members&nbsp;<strong>Xilin Liu&nbsp;</strong>and&nbsp;<strong>Ervin Sejdi膰</strong>,&nbsp;as well as the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.engineering.utoronto.ca/research-innovation/research-institutes-and-centres/crania-neuromodulation-institute-cnmi/">CRANIA Neuromodulation Institute</a>. Support from the department included the purchase of specialized equipment 鈥 biosensing headsets that allow students to acquire an electroencephalograph (EEG) 鈥 and technical support from&nbsp;<strong>Afshin Poraria</strong>, director of teaching labs, and lab manager&nbsp;<strong>Iman&nbsp;Makhmal&nbsp;Koohi</strong>.</p> <p>Liu, an assistant professor in the electrical and computer engineering department, says hands-on work is a crucial component of the course, which exposes students to neural interfacing techniques and applications at a time when many are considering graduate research or starting their career.</p> <p>While he notes that universities such as MIT and Stanford University offer similar courses, he says they tend to be geared toward graduate students.</p> <p>鈥淚ntroducing such a course at the ECE undergraduate level is quite a unique approach,鈥 he says. 鈥淏y leveraging the strengths of ECE labs, we implemented hands-on experiments enabling students to collect, analyze and modulate their own EEG signals in real-time.鈥</p> <figure role="group" class="caption caption-drupal-media align-center"> <div> <div class="field field--name-field-media-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/scale_image_750_width_/public/2024-01/53400061125_a7e08ee3b5_o-1620x1080.jpg?itok=URsJJS5i" width="750" height="500" alt="&quot;&quot;" class="image-style-scale-image-750-width-"> </div> </div> <figcaption><em>A student holds a biosensing headset during a lab session (photo by Matthew Tierney)</em></figcaption> </figure> <p>The course material combines Liu鈥檚 teachings on electronics and neural interfacing technology with Sejdi膰鈥檚 work on signal processing, control theory and machine learning. It also includes guest lecturers with various clinical expertise. They include&nbsp;<strong>Milos Popovic</strong>, a professor in the Institute of Biomedical Engineering (BME), and <strong>Taufik Valiante</strong>, a scientist at the University Health Network and an associate professor of surgery in the department of surgery in the Temerty Faculty of Medicine with a cross appointment at BME&nbsp;鈥 both early supporters of the course.</p> <p>During off-campus excursions to nearby hospitals and clinical settings, such as Toronto Western Hospital, the students hear from neurosurgeons and neuroscientists about real-world advancements in this field.</p> <p>鈥淭he first lecture was one of the most interesting I鈥檝e ever had at U of T,鈥 Nowicki says.</p> <p>鈥淲e learned early on how little we understand the brain. It鈥檚 incredibly complex,鈥 adds Gabler.</p> <p>Liu says we may never have an accurate general model of the brain, which means therapeutic determinations must be considered on patient-by-patient basis&nbsp;鈥 a challenge for clinicians.</p> <p>鈥淵ou cannot keep people in the hospital for a long time just to monitor the progression of the disease,鈥 Liu says. 鈥淎nd optimization done at the hospital might only be calibrated for the specific time of day, or might not work when they go back home, or while asleep.鈥</p> <p>But wearable or implantable neural devices that use machine learning are ideally suited to address this challenge because they collect large amounts of data from patients over long periods of time. With this data, machine learning can learn the optimal timing and parameter configuration.</p> <p>The field is growing so fast that the electrical and computer engineering department looks forward to expanding its course offerings in neurotechnology, says <strong>Deepa Kundur</strong>, a professor and department chair, who adds that this course helps build a strong foundation in the field.</p> <p>鈥淚t鈥檚 an excellent example of how bringing awareness of cutting-edge applications into the classroom setting, through access to research labs and a diverse instructor team, allows students to see the incredible potential opportunities for their electrical and computer engineering skill set,鈥 she says.</p> <p>The department also plans to make equipment available to students outside the class. The instructors are working with <a href="https://neurotechuoft.com/">the&nbsp;student club NeuroTECH</a>&nbsp;to organize workshops and hands-on sessions.</p> <p>Nowicki, for one, recommends the course to fellow students even if they鈥檙e not considering a future in health care.</p> <p>鈥淵ou start to look at the brain differently, the mechanisms of its disorders, what clinicians and neuroengineers are doing to treat them,鈥 she says. 鈥淎nd so many people have friends or a family member who has experienced a disorder.鈥</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Fri, 05 Jan 2024 15:18:55 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 305139 at