Lisa Kramer / en The future of meat is shifting to plant-based products: 福利姬自慰expert /news/future-meat-shifting-plant-based-products-u-t-expert <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The future of meat is shifting to plant-based products: 福利姬自慰expert</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/veggie-burger-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=E52eJ29E 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/veggie-burger-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=YG9ycPWR 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/veggie-burger-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=osLgYmrQ 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/veggie-burger-weblead.jpg?h=afdc3185&amp;itok=E52eJ29E" alt="Photo of a veggie burger"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>Christopher.Sorensen</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2019-06-17T09:21:55-04:00" title="Monday, June 17, 2019 - 09:21" class="datetime">Mon, 06/17/2019 - 09:21</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">Demand is hot for plant-based food options like the lentil-based veggie burger seen here (photo by Shutterstock)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/lisa-kramer" hreflang="en">Lisa Kramer</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/our-community" hreflang="en">Our Community</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/agriculture" hreflang="en">Agriculture</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/food" hreflang="en">Food</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/rotman-school-management" hreflang="en">Rotman School of Management</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/u-t-mississauga" hreflang="en">福利姬自慰Mississauga</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><span></span>With summer just around the corner, it鈥檚 not just the weather heating up in Canada. The plant-based foods sector is also starting to sizzle.</p> <p>Consumers are increasingly following the advice of the new <a href="https://food-guide.canada.ca/en/">Canada Food Guide</a>, which highlights the nutritional benefits of protein sources like nuts, beans, legumes, pulses and tofu in place of meat, eggs, fish and dairy products. And these eating habits are expected to stick, with a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/12/most-meat-in-2040-will-not-come-from-slaughtered-animals-report">recent report</a> anticipating that up to 60 per cent of 鈥渕eat鈥 may come from non-animal sources by the year 2040.</p> <p>Consistent with these shifts in consumer preferences, plant-based meat company <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/beyond-meat-investor-talks-first-earnings-report-134043282.html">Beyond Meat recently saw its stock price surge almost 40 per cent</a>, after its first performance report as a publicly traded company revealed far better-than-expected sales.</p> <p>This is the same company that also enjoyed <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/beyond-meat-stock-price-up-475-since-pricing-ipo-2019-6-1028266607">one of the hottest initial public offerings of the year</a>, rising more than 150 per cent on its first day of trading earlier this year. Overall, the stock鈥檚 price is up about 400 per cent since its debut.</p> <h4>Restaurants, grocers offer plant-based foods</h4> <p>Adapting to shifting consumer preferences, several Canadian restaurant chains have introduced plant-based items to their traditionally meat-laden menus. When A&amp;W Canada launched the Beyond Meat Burger last fall, <a href="https://business.financialpost.com/news/retail-marketing/canadian-burger-chain-sells-out-of-plant-based-patties">restaurants across the country sold out within days</a> and took months to restock sufficient supplies to ensure a smooth relaunch.</p> <p>Tim Hortons now sells <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/investing/investment-ideas/article-beyond-meat-surges-after-tim-hortons-launches-vegan-sandwiches/">vegan breakfast sausages</a>, <a href="https://www.franchiseinfo.ca/news/quesada-boosts-vegan-options-with-partnership/">Quesada introduced tacos made with veggie meat</a> and <a href="https://www.straight.com/food/1233331/beyond-meat-expands-availability-beyond-burger-vancouver-and-across-canadian">Earl鈥檚 has launched its own Beyond Burger</a> as well as a new vegan menu.</p> <figure class="align-right zoomable"><a href="https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip"><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=237&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279192/original/file-20190612-32335-1e7od0p.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"></a> <figcaption><span class="caption">Canadian grocery stores are now stocking Beyond Meat, and some are developing their own in-house options</span>&nbsp;(photo by&nbsp;<span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock)</span></span></figcaption> </figure> <p>Canadian grocery stores are also catering to consumers鈥 predilection for plant-based meats. Last month, mainstream supermarkets across the country <a href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5197322/beyond-meat-canada-grocery-stores/">began carrying the Beyond Burger</a>, with some opting to place the product not in the health food aisles but instead in the butcher section alongside steaks and ribs.</p> <p>And some retailers have additionally developed their own in-house varieties of plant-based foods, <a href="https://dailyhive.com/vancouver/presidents-choice-launches-plant-based-canada-may-2019">including the President鈥檚 Choice selection of veggie burgers, chicken-less fingers and beef-free crumble.</a> Furthermore, shoppers now face an embarrassment of riches in the dairy section, with anyone seeking to avoid cow鈥檚 milk enjoying a choice of beverages made from soy, almond, coconut and oat.</p> <p>These developments are indicative of a sea change in the market for vegan foods, with demand coming not just from vegetarians. Meat eaters, too, are drawn by the lower health risks associated with non-animal sourced proteins, a desire to reduce the environmental impact of their food choices and concerns about animal welfare.</p> <h4>A backlash</h4> <p>But some industry groups are attempting to push back against the plant-based food movement. In January, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency <a href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/small-business/marketing/article-vegan-food-producer-ordered-to-drop-the-word-cheese-from-its/">received a complaint</a> about non-dairy products 鈥渂eing labelled as 鈥榗heese鈥 when they are allegedly not.鈥</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/279193/original/file-20190612-32342-1w1jk73.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/279193/original/file-20190612-32342-1w1jk73.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279193/original/file-20190612-32342-1w1jk73.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279193/original/file-20190612-32342-1w1jk73.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279193/original/file-20190612-32342-1w1jk73.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279193/original/file-20190612-32342-1w1jk73.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/279193/original/file-20190612-32342-1w1jk73.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"> <figcaption><span class="caption">A cheese by any other name would taste as cheesy? Tofu feta is on the offer in this photo (photo by</span>&nbsp;<span class="attribution"><span class="source">Shutterstock)</span></span></figcaption> </figure> <p>Likewise, the Quebec Cattle Producers Federation recently <a href="https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/plant-based-meat-burger-ads-trigger-complaint-from-quebec-cattle-producers-1.4424050">expressed concern</a> that calling veggie burgers 鈥減lant-based meat鈥 is misleading to consumers, noting that the regulatory definition of meat is 鈥渢he carcass of a food animal, the blood of a food animal, or a product or by-product of its carcass.鈥 Yum?</p> <p>But <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/janetforgrieve/2019/04/25/consumers-show-they-know-almond-milk-doesnt-come-from-cows/#1831fe344068">studies support the view</a> that consumers are not the least bit confused by the use of monikers such as 鈥渕ilk鈥 or 鈥渕eat鈥 in reference to plant-based foods. This makes sense, given the products鈥 labels tend to feature prominent information about their origins. And so prudent producers and retailers are preparing for the future by catering to consumer preferences for these foods rather than fixating on the past.</p> <p>An important lesson emerges from another industry that faced a major shift in consumer demand. When digital photography was emerging as a new technology, a then-leader of the photography sector, Kodak, faced a difficult choice.</p> <p>The company could cannibalize its own camera film sales to become an early leader in the digital space, which would be painful but potentially lucrative. Or it could try to postpone the inevitable and cling to a fading technology. <a href="https://petapixel.com/2018/10/19/why-kodak-died-and-fujifilm-thrived-a-tale-of-two-film-companies/">Kodak chose the latter path, and the competition ate their lunch. </a></p> <p>Now tech companies like Panasonic, Sony and Samsung stand alongside Canon and Nikon to dominate the world of digital photography, leaving Kodak a mere shadow of its former self.</p> <p>Forward-looking meat-producing companies must reframe their thinking to recognize that they are in the protein production business. With many consumers avoiding animal-sourced protein, the opportunity emerges to shift focus to developing and producing alternate types of food.</p> <h4>Adapting to the future</h4> <p>The federal government stands ready to facilitate such changes, recently introducing more than $150 million in funding for the <a href="https://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/093.nsf/eng/00012.html">Proteins Industry Canada 鈥渟upercluster,鈥</a> aiming to encourage farmers and entrepreneurs in the Prairies to use new technology to increase the value of Canadian crops such as canola, wheat and pulses.</p> <p>Another reason such a shift makes sense is the fact that raising animals as food is expensive. To produce a pound of animal-based protein requires many more pounds of crops and litres of water than are needed to produce a pound of plant-based protein.</p> <p>With a surge in demand for commodities like peas, which are a key ingredient in products like the Beyond Burger, savvy Canadian farmers and producers are pivoting to adapt. Industry giant Maple Leaf Foods, for one, recently announced an <a href="https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/maple-leaf-advances-leadership-in-rapidly-growing-plant-based-protein-market-with-construction-of-a-world-class-production-facility-808903323.html">investment of US$310 million</a> to expand their plant-based offerings.</p> <p>With all of these changes, investors in companies that are in the business of producing plant-based food stand to be winners, as does anyone who aims to enjoy the taste and texture of meat without the downsides of conventional meat.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/118513/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" loading="lazy"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/lisa-kramer-560692">Lisa Kramer</a>&nbsp;is a professor of finance at the&nbsp;<a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-toronto-1281">University of Toronto</a>.</span></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/the-future-of-meat-is-shifting-to-plant-based-products-118513">original article</a>.</em></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Mon, 17 Jun 2019 13:21:55 +0000 Christopher.Sorensen 156871 at 福利姬自慰expert on why regulations are needed after cryptocurrency CEO takes passwords to his grave /news/u-t-expert-why-regulations-are-needed-after-cryptocurrency-ceo-takes-passwords-his-grave <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">福利姬自慰expert on why regulations are needed after cryptocurrency CEO takes passwords to his grave</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2019-03-04-cryptocurrency.jpg?h=33b7f9e8&amp;itok=iXaElwkL 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2019-03-04-cryptocurrency.jpg?h=33b7f9e8&amp;itok=XqUh9K2w 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2019-03-04-cryptocurrency.jpg?h=33b7f9e8&amp;itok=LSBuOcOT 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2019-03-04-cryptocurrency.jpg?h=33b7f9e8&amp;itok=iXaElwkL" alt="Photo of crytocurrency"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>noreen.rasbach</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2019-03-04T00:00:00-05:00" title="Monday, March 4, 2019 - 00:00" class="datetime">Mon, 03/04/2019 - 00:00</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">Canadian CEO Gerald Cotten died in December, taking to his grave the passwords to unlock his cryptocurrency clients鈥 millions (photo by Dmitry Moraine/Unsplash)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/lisa-kramer" hreflang="en">Lisa Kramer</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/our-community" hreflang="en">Our Community</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/cryptocurrency" hreflang="en">Cryptocurrency</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/faculty-arts-science" hreflang="en">Faculty of Arts &amp; Science</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/rotman-school-management" hreflang="en">Rotman School of Management</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/conversation" hreflang="en">The Conversation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/u-t-mississauga" hreflang="en">福利姬自慰Mississauga</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h1><span></span></h1> <p>A&nbsp;<a href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5001993/quadrigacx-ceo-chief-restructuring/">high-stakes legal drama</a> featuring cryptocurrencies has been unfolding in a Canadian court recently.</p> <p>The antics that led to the litigation almost defy credulity, and they highlight the need for new regulations to better suit a financial marketplace that includes virtual currencies.</p> <p><a href="https://www.coindesk.com/quadriga-creditor-protection-filing">News broke</a> in early February that Canadian cryptocurrency exchange QuadrigaCX was seeking creditor protection, leaving in financial limbo about 115,000 people who had entrusted the firm to maintain their deposits of cash, Bitcoins and other digital tokens worth an estimated $250 million.</p> <p>The company鈥檚 need for bankruptcy protection arose when its founder and chief operator, Gerald Cotten, <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2019/02/04/canadian-ceo-gerald-cotten-dies-with-passwords-to-unlock-crypto-clients-190-million_a_23661485/">died suddenly in December while vacationing in India</a>. Normally, if a financial institution鈥檚 executive officer meets an untimely demise, he or she doesn鈥檛 bring to the afterworld the only keys to the vault. And thus clients maintain continued access their deposited funds all the while.</p> <p>In the case of Quadriga, unfortunately, Cotten was the only living soul who knew the password to an encrypted offline repository, known as cold storage, where the firm had enshrined the vast majority of clients鈥 cryptocurrency deposits. Without the password, no one can access those holdings.</p> <h3>Murky or absent regulations</h3> <p>While the Nova Scotia Supreme Court wades its way through some very novel and complex issues, the question that comes to my mind is: How has one bad decision about password custodianship caused more than 100,000 people to lose access to their deposits?</p> <p>The answer lies in the murky and mostly lacking regulations that govern the cryptocurrency world. Nothing stops entrepreneurs like Cotten from running companies like Quadriga with no independent oversight.</p> <p>Had he ever raised equity capital from investors in return for tokens or coins, that process would have been governed by Canadian securities regulations. But because Quadriga is an exchange 鈥 maintaining deposits and facilitating conversions between regular cash and cryptocurrencies, but not issuing cryptocurrencies in exchange for ownership shares 鈥 it operates in a regulatory vacuum.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt sizes="(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/261545/original/file-20190228-106362-1fduezw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip" srcset="https://images.theconversation.com/files/261545/original/file-20190228-106362-1fduezw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=439&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/261545/original/file-20190228-106362-1fduezw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=439&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/261545/original/file-20190228-106362-1fduezw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=439&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/261545/original/file-20190228-106362-1fduezw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=552&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/261545/original/file-20190228-106362-1fduezw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=552&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https://images.theconversation.com/files/261545/original/file-20190228-106362-1fduezw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=552&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w"> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">Stakeholders show up at Nova Scotia Supreme Court as Canada鈥檚 largest cryptocurrency exchange seeks creditor protection in the wake of the sudden death of its founder and chief executive in December (photo by Andrew Vaughan/The Canadian Press)</span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>In Canada, the <a href="http://www.osfi-bsif.gc.ca/eng/Pages/default.aspx">Office of Superintendent of Financial Institutions</a> (OFSI) oversees banks that take regular dollar deposits. One might argue that the OFSI umbrella ought to be adapted to include oversight of virtual exchanges like Quadriga, even though such institutions are not technically banks and their deposits are non-traditional in nature.</p> <p>That oversight would impose accounting standards and reporting requirements that would help prevent the sorts of irresponsible missteps that put Quadriga depositors in such a precarious position.</p> <p>A likely side benefit of regulatory supervision would be the eventual development of standardized safeguards against hackers and other cybercriminal activity that plagues the cryptocurrency world.</p> <h3>Lack of regulations attractive to some</h3> <p>A feature that draws many crypto enthusiasts to the virtual currency sector is the very fact that it lacks government oversight, and those individuals will bristle at any hint of new regulations.</p> <p>Members of the general public might also be leery of new laws lest they grant an undeserved sheen of legitimacy to cryptocurrencies, which are not suitable investments for anyone except the most risk-loving of speculators.</p> <p>But in Canada, we regulate many industries that are risky or distasteful to some, including gambling, alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. The underlying calculus is that providing standards for certain illicit activities is preferable to driving those activities to the black market, where the risks would be amplified.</p> <p>For instance, a benefit of buying my beloved guilty pleasure of choice, craft gins, from a regulated marketplace is that I can imbibe confident in the knowledge that my cocktails are free from wood alcohol. Three cheers for avoiding blindness!</p> <p>We cannot protect Canadians from all possible risks, especially when it comes to financial markets. And to be clear, I am not suggesting that we indemnify cryptocurrency speculators against losses that may arise from taking calculated risks, such as the beating that some fortune-seekers have taken since Bitcoin valuations plummeted from stratospheric heights.</p> <p>Rather, I propose that depositors ought not to be penalized for the indiscretions of the custodians to whom they entrust their financial holdings.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/112759/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" loading="lazy"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/lisa-kramer-560692">Lisa Kramer</a>&nbsp;is a professor of finance at the Univeristy of Toronto.</span></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/regulations-needed-after-cryptocurrency-ceo-takes-passwords-to-his-grave-112759">original article</a>.</em></p> <p>This story has been corrected. The earlier story said US$250 million instead of $250 million&nbsp;Canadian.</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Mon, 04 Mar 2019 05:00:00 +0000 noreen.rasbach 154740 at Here's what happens the day after the clocks change /news/here-s-what-happens-day-after-clocks-change <span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Here's what happens the day after the clocks change</span> <div class="field field--name-field-featured-picture field--type-image field--label-hidden field__item"> <img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2018-11-05-timepieces-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=Za0-oXie 370w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_740/public/2018-11-05-timepieces-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=faVQMDJz 740w, /sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_1110/public/2018-11-05-timepieces-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=HOAwPHRm 1110w" sizes="(min-width:1200px) 1110px, (max-width: 1199px) 80vw, (max-width: 767px) 90vw, (max-width: 575px) 95vw" width="740" height="494" src="/sites/default/files/styles/news_banner_370/public/2018-11-05-timepieces-resized.jpg?h=3fcbca33&amp;itok=Za0-oXie" alt="Photo of timepieces"> </div> <span class="field field--name-uid field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden"><span>noreen.rasbach</span></span> <span class="field field--name-created field--type-created field--label-hidden"><time datetime="2018-11-05T11:34:31-05:00" title="Monday, November 5, 2018 - 11:34" class="datetime">Mon, 11/05/2018 - 11:34</time> </span> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-cutline-long field--type-text-long field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Cutline</div> <div class="field__item">The twice-annual time changes affect people similar to the way jet lag does. It鈥檚 time to abolish Daylight Saving Time (photo by Sevgi001453d/Pixabay)</div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-author-reporters field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/authors-reporters/lisa-kramer" hreflang="en">Lisa Kramer</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-topic field--type-entity-reference field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">Topic</div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/topics/city-culture" hreflang="en">City &amp; Culture</a></div> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-story-tags field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field__items"> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/economy" hreflang="en">Economy</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/global" hreflang="en">Global</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/rotman-school-management" hreflang="en">Rotman School of Management</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/conversation" hreflang="en">The Conversation</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/u-t-mississauga" hreflang="en">福利姬自慰Mississauga</a></div> <div class="field__item"><a href="/news/tags/workplace" hreflang="en">Workplace</a></div> </div> <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><h1><span></span></h1> <p>Society has a love/hate relationship with daylight-saving time changes.</p> <p>At this time of year, many of us delight in the extra hour of sleep that comes with turning the clocks back. However, when spring rolls around, we invariably curse the loss of sleep that accompanies setting the clocks forward.</p> <p>The decadence of extra snooze time aside, disruptions in sleep can wreak havoc on our minds and bodies. Deviations from our normal sleep habits, known as <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6151390">sleep desynchronosis</a>, can lead to the same sorts of symptoms that arise from jet lag, including reduced attention span, judgment errors and anxiety.</p> <p>Worse, the evidence shows time changes are associated with an increase in the numbers of <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199810153391617">car accidents</a> and <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc0807104">heart attacks</a>.</p> <h3>Sleepy stock markets</h3> <p>The time changes also have adverse consequences for financial markets. Research I conducted with Mark Kamstra of York University and Maurice Levi of the University of British Columbia found that stock markets tend to draw back significantly on the Monday after a time change, whether the clocks lose or gain an hour.</p> <p><a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282803321455322">We studied</a> stock market returns in several countries, some of which implemented time changes on different dates than others, and we found that after controlling for other factors that influence markets, there was a significant drop following the time change.</p> <p>Of course, what happens on any given day is a combination of many factors, including fundamental news about various companies and the overall economy. And yet we found a statistically significant negative average stock return that was much greater in magnitude than the negative return that typically arises on Mondays. (Other days of the week tend to have positive returns.)</p> <p>We calculated that, in the United States alone, the average one-day loss on stock markets due to a daylight-saving time change amounted to more than US$30 billion.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/243749/original/file-20181103-83657-lziftu.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">When the clocks spring forward or fall back, it causes problems for human health and the economy</span>&nbsp;<span class="attribution"><span class="source">(photo by Shutterstock)</span></span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>We surmise that these twice-a-year losses arose as a consequence of investors being more anxious after a sleep disruption and hence more reluctant to buy or to continue holding risky assets than they would be in absence of the shock to their routine.</p> <p>This stock market example is part of a much larger phenomenon whereby the biological effects of sleep changes have negative implications across the wider economy.</p> <p><a href="http://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fa0015320">Workplace accidents tend to be greater</a> in both frequency and severity following daylight-saving time changes, which translates into lost wages, higher worker鈥檚 compensation costs, higher medical costs, more training costs for replacement workers and reduced productivity overall. On balance, the time changes are expensive for both business and government.</p> <h3>Year-round daylight-saving time</h3> <p>Of course it鈥檚 not necessary for a region to adopt standard time in the event that time changes were abolished.</p> <p>The other obvious alternative is to remain on daylight-saving time year-round 鈥 meaning, essentially, that the clocks don鈥檛 change twice a year. That option that would arguably lead to relatively better outcomes in terms of financial markets, car accidents, heart attacks and workplace injuries.</p> <p>Year-round daylight saving time has additional likely advantages. The state of Massachusetts evaluated the relevant academic literature <a href="http://www.eileendonoghue.org/media/The-Report-of-the-Special-Commission-on-the-Commonwealth%E2%80%99s-Time-Zone.pdf">and concluded</a> that reduced street crime would result from remaining on daylight-saving time permanently, including a reduction in robberies due to more daylight in the evening hours and possibly a decrease in the incidence of rape.</p> <p>When daylight-saving time changes were first being adopted in various jurisdictions more than a century ago, energy cost savings were touted as a major benefit. The details depend on the specific latitude and time zone, but it now appears that these benefits were vastly overstated.</p> <p><a href="https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/REST_a_00131">Recent studies</a> have found that adopting daylight-saving time year-round would lead to modest energy savings and perhaps reduced greenhouse gas emissions too.</p> <p>The implications of year-round daylight-saving time wouldn鈥檛 all be sunny, however. An undesirable implication would be darkness during the morning period when children often head to school. For some locations, this may suggest a need to shift school start times later so there is daylight when students are on their morning trek to classes.</p> <figure class="align-center "><img alt src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/243751/original/file-20181103-83635-1p3efa2.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip"> <figcaption><em><span class="caption">Ending daylight saving time changes will mean children will need to start school later. Businesses will therefore need to accommodate parents&nbsp;</span><span class="attribution"><span class="source">(photo by Shutterstock)</span></span></em></figcaption> </figure> <p>That would also require work hours to change for parents of younger, school-aged children. They鈥檇 have to start later in order to get their kids to school.</p> <p>But this inconvenience is worth bearing, since <a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/134/3/642">child development experts maintain</a> that later school start times are better for kids鈥 attendance and learning outcomes anyway.</p> <h3>Clocks may soon stop shifting</h3> <p>European citizens recently participated in public consultation about daylight-saving time changes, and the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/31/eu-recommend-member-states-abolish-daylight-saving-time">majority of respondents expressed a desire to adopt daylight-saving time year round</a>.</p> <p>Accordingly, the European Council has recommended that member countries stop adjusting the clocks twice a year and instead remain perpetually 鈥渟prung forward.鈥 The matter is working its way through the legislative process.</p> <p>If adopted by the European Parliament, adherence to this recommendation would be voluntary on the part of individual European nations. But for the first time in decades, the real possibility exists that some major world economies will stop shifting their clocks.</p> <p>Overall, the time has arrived for us to stop losing sleep over the twice-yearly time changes and to stick with daylight-saving time all year long. May the shift to year-round daylight-saving time everywhere come swiftly, for the good of our health and the economy.<!-- Below is The Conversation's page counter tag. Please DO NOT REMOVE. --><img alt="The Conversation" height="1" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/106243/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" width="1" loading="lazy"><!-- End of code. If you don't see any code above, please get new code from the Advanced tab after you click the republish button. The page counter does not collect any personal data. More info: http://theconversation.com/republishing-guidelines --></p> <p><em><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/lisa-kramer-560692">Lisa Kramer</a>&nbsp;is a professor of finance in the department of management at the University of Toronto Mississauga and the Rotman School of Management.</span></em></p> <p><em>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/heres-what-happens-the-day-after-the-clocks-change-106243">original article</a>.</em></p> <p><font color="#858585" face="Nunito Sans, arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 22px;">&nbsp;</span></font></p> </div> <div class="field field--name-field-news-home-page-banner field--type-boolean field--label-above"> <div class="field__label">News home page banner</div> <div class="field__item">Off</div> </div> Mon, 05 Nov 2018 16:34:31 +0000 noreen.rasbach 146443 at