福利姬自慰

福利姬自慰researchers' drone-delivered AEDs offer novel approach to saving lives at home

Drone delivery could shave crucial minutes off the median ambulance response times in both rural and urban regions
Photo of drone researchers
U of T's Timothy Chan (left), Angela Schoellig and Justin Boutilier (right) are part of a research team trying to use drones to deliver AEDs (photo by Liz Do)

When a person goes into cardiac arrest, every passing minute hurts their chances of survival. Now, a group of University of Toronto researchers want to use drones to deliver life-saving automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) rapidly and directly to homes.

Justin Boutilier, a PhD candidate in the Faculty of Applied Science & Engineering, envisions a future in which a bystander or family member who witnesses a cardiac arrest can call 911, and within minutes, an AED is flown to their doorstep or balcony to be administered 鈥 before the paramedics arrive.

Boutilier is working under Associate Professor Timothy Chan, director of U of T's , in collaboration with Assistant Professor Angela Schoellig and researchers from St. Michael鈥檚 Hospital's  program, in order to turn the futuristic idea into a life-saving reality.

This project comes on the heels of research by Chan鈥檚 lab on cardiac arrests that occur outside of hospitals, and the in public locations during non-business hours. Boutilier is now focusing on reducing deaths from cardiac arrests that occur at home.

About 85 per cent of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in Southern Ontario take place within a private residence.

鈥淔or those arrests, the public AEDs are not useful because it鈥檚 hard to get to them in time. It鈥檚 also not cost effective to put AEDs everywhere in the suburbs,鈥 explained Boutilier. 

Therefore, the survival rates are not good.

鈥淣ot only is the survival rate of private-location cardiac arrests low, the response times are also slower than public locations,鈥 said Chan. 鈥淪o we thought, we need to come up with something completely new.鈥 

Chan and Dr. Steve Brooks, an emergency physician at Kingston General Hospital and frequent collaborator at Rescu, found a designed at Delft University in the Netherlands. A PhD student had developed the prototype, complete with a camera and microphone, which weighed only four kilograms and travelled 100 kilometres per hour. 

鈥淭o us, the idea of using a drone to deliver an AED to private location cardiac arrests seemed like a no-brainer,鈥 said Chan.

Of the many benefits to AED drone delivery: 鈥淵ou don鈥檛 have to worry about traffic. You could get the AED there faster than paramedics so the bystander can start treatment as early as possible. And that鈥檚 very important. Every minute that goes by, the chance of survival decreases,鈥 said Chan. 

To determine where drones should be stationed and how many are needed to serve a given population, Boutilier obtained historical cardiac arrest data from eight regions in Southern Ontario, including dense urban cities and sparse rural communities.

鈥淲e conducted our analysis by imagining that this technology was implemented five years ago and asking, what would the next five years have looked like?鈥 Boutilier explained. 

What they found was that they were able to shave several minutes off the median ambulance response times in both rural and urban regions, and drones could arrive ahead of ambulances more than 90 per cent of the time.

鈥淭he one challenging thing is that it鈥檚 hard to know the number of lives we could have saved, which is what we鈥檙e looking at now,鈥 said Boutilier.

Regulatory restrictions present another challenge to implementation 鈥 aviation, including drone flights, is strictly regulated by Transport Canada. Current rules stipulate that users are prohibited from flying drones out of their line of sight.

Schoellig, the associate director of the (CARRE) at U of T, believes these restrictive regulations won鈥檛 last for long. 鈥淚t is a matter of proving safety and reliability of this new technology to the regulators. This will require more technological breakthroughs 鈥 for example, giving drones the ability to detect obstacles.

But drone technology has developed very quickly in the last five to 10 years,鈥 she explained.

鈥淕oogle and Amazon are already working on implementing delivery drones and have been lobbying the government to ease these regulations,鈥 added Boutilier.  鈥淪o if the government allows the drone delivery of commercial products, they would allow the delivery of AEDs, which is a life-saving matter.鈥 

This past weekend, Boutilier and Chan presented their research at the in New Orleans, where Boutilier says he was excited to see the reactions from attendees.

鈥淒epending on whom you talk to, the response can be very different. When I talk to medical professionals, some say, 鈥楾hat鈥檚 too futuristic,鈥 but when I talk to tech people their reaction is often, 鈥楾his technology has been around for the last few years. We could do this tomorrow.鈥 

鈥淲e鈥檙e trying to shake things up a bit within the field of health care, and change the way people are thinking about how we solve problems.鈥

In the near future, Boutilier hopes to pilot the project in Muskoka, a region that has a high rate of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and the slowest ambulance response time of all the regions they鈥檝e gathered data from. 

鈥淚 think the technology is there. I think the challenge is in the details of how to make this work,鈥 said Chan. 鈥淚t鈥檚 working through government regulations, coordinating with Emergency Medical Services, and making sure the public is behind this, that they have awareness of drones and its various purposes. 

鈥淏ut ultimately, it鈥檚 an idea that I think can really make a huge leap forward in our ability to get defibrillators to patients.  I think within five to 10 years, drone deliveries will be a reality.鈥

 

 

The Bulletin Brief logo

Subscribe to The Bulletin Brief